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A method for the potentiometric determination of CaCO3 in cement raw meal is described, in which the accurately weighed-out sample is treated with HCl, heated to boiling and the excess HCl is then back-titrated with NaOH.

Potentiometric titration methods for the analysis of acid and alkaline tin plating baths are presented. The following methods are described: tin(II) / tin(IV) / total tin, free fluoroboric acid, or free sulfuric acid, chloride in acidic tin baths, free hydroxide, and carbonate in alkaline tin baths.

Methods are described for the potentiometric analysis of the following bath components:Brass plating bath: copper, zinc, free cyanide, ammonium, carbonate, and sulfite.Bronze plating bath: copper, tin, and free cyanide.

This Bulletin describes titrimetric methods for the determination of cadmium, free sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and total cyanide. The free cyanide can be calculated from the total cyanide and the Cd content.

Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is used to monitor gaseous and volatile species during electrochemical reactions in situ.

This Application Note describes a method for the determination of causticizer, carbonate and aluminum oxide in used Bayer process liquors. The method is based on processes that were developed by Watts-Utley and VanDalen-Ward.

Determination of bicarbonate and carbonate in a mixture by sequential thermometric titrations.

Determination of carbonate in a solution of methyl-monoethanol-amine with anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of traces of carbonate in urea using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of carbonate in washing powder using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of carbonate in an aqueous ammonia solution using ion-exclusion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection.

Determination of carbonate in tap water using ion-exclusion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection.

Determination of carbonate in sparkling water using ion-exclusion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection.

This Application Note describes carbonate determination with ion chromatography in a 50% sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium hydroxide solutions form carbonates through the absorption of carbon dioxide from ambient air. The carbonate content of an NaOH solution is determined using ion-exclusion chromatography with subsequent conductivity detection following inverse suppression. The samples are diluted 1:20 prior to the analysis and – in order to prevent CO2 absorption – stored in closed sample vessels.

Carbon capture systems strip carbon dioxide from flue gases. Online analysis of amines and carbon dioxide enhances amine usage efficiency and reduces operational costs.

The Kraft process is the dominant pulping process in the pulp and paper industry with the highest chemical recovery efficiency. In order to run each part of the papermaking process optimally, constant quality checks and analyses should be performed. This Process Application Note illustrates the straightforward online analysis of alkali (active, effective, total titratable alkali (TTA)), carbonate, hydroxide, sulfide and the causticizing degree (CE%) in pulping liquors using a 2060 Process Analyzer from Metrohm Process Analytics.

Solids used in road construction were analyzed with a hand-held Raman spectrometer. The materials examined are conventional pigments and resins, e.g., CaCO3, TiO2 and DEGALAN®. The measured spectra differ considerably from one another. In order to assess the main differences between the chemical structures, the peaks of the spectra were assigned to the functional groups that generated them.

This Application Note documents the suitability of hand-held Raman spectrometers, e.g., the Mira M-1, for the identification and differentiation of salts such as carbonates, phosphates, and sulfates. The focus of the work was the rating of the influence of the cationic part and of the crystal water on the Raman spectroscopy identification of the salts.

Determination of hydroxide and carbonate in alkaline plating baths by potentiometric titration with HCl using the combined glass electrode.

An analytic chemist in your back pocket. A forensic laboratory in a suitcase. A HazMat team in the trunk of your car. First responders need all the help they can get when faced with potentially dangerous substances. Mira DS from Metrohm Raman is a sophisticated chemical analyzer that replaces the specialist with automation. The push of a button initiates proprietary Smart Acquire routines to optimize acquisition parameters and collect the highest quality spectra. These spectra are automatically subjected to library search and Mixture Matching routines capable of identifying up to three components of a mixture. When hazardous substances are detected, the user is alerted to immediate action with color-coded warnings.

The FOS/TAC value is an important characteristic to assess the status of the fermenter before costly problems arise. The new Eco Titrator from Metrohm allows the determination of this quotient in a fast, cost-efficient, and precise way.