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The metals Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn are determined in the sub-ppb range (limit of detection 0.05 µg/L) by means of stripping voltammetry. The DP-ASV method is used for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn whereas Co, Ni, and Fe are determined by means of the DP-CSV method (dimethylglyoxime or catechol complexes).Use of the VA Processor and the sample changer allows automatic determination of the above metal ions in one solution. The method has been specially developed for trace analysis in the manufacture of semiconductor chips based on silicon. It can naturally also be employed successfully in environmental analysis.

Determination of calcium and magnesium in high-purity sodium chloride using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Determination of trimethylamine in hydrogen peroxide (31 %) using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection after inline matrix elimination, inline preconcentration, and inline calibration.

Determination of traces of methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine in methylpyrrolidone using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection.

Hydrogen peroxide is available in different purity grades depending on its use. High purity H2O2 (electronic grade) requires very low contamination levels, e.g., less than 1 μg/L of trimethylamine (TMA). This application describes the determination of trimethylamine in a high-purity H2O2 solution (30%). Analysis is performed using Inline Preconcentration with Matrix Elimination (MiPCT-ME) applying conductivity detection after sequential cation suppression.

Determination of trace levels of cations and amines in hydrogen peroxide is important in quality determination of high-grade semiconductor chemicals. In particular, some manufactures look for 1 ppb trimethylamine or less in hydrogen peroxide samples. Ion chromatography after MiPCT-ME* with conductivity detection after sequential cation suppression is applied.

Vinylene carbonate is a widely used lithium-ion battery electrolyte additive that requires strict moisture control to maintain battery performance and lifetime. Accurate moisture quantification was historically limited by side reactions, complicating the analysis. The introduction of alcohol-free coulometric Karl Fischer reagents now enables precise, reproducible moisture determination, facilitating more reliable control of additive and electrolyte quality during manufacturing.

Determination of traces of bromide in HCl (32%) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode.

Determination of traces of iodide in acetic acid using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the carbon paste electrode.

This Process Application Note describes a method to determine the strontium and barium concentration in brine as early detectors ofmembrane fouling via online process ion chromatography. Using this multiparameter analytical technique can help reduce the risk of premature membrane fouling and avoid unexpected maintenance and high utility costs with 24/7 automated analysis.

Raman spectroscopy with PLS modeling enables rapid, accurate, nondestructive quantification of the total phosphate content in solution with minimal sample preparation.

Determination of formate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in 20% TMAOH using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression and inline matrix neutralization.

Determination of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in 85% H3PO4 using two-dimensional anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression.

Electronic-grade nitric acid may not contain more than the slightest traces of anion contaminations (in the mg/L range). The ion chromatography determination of these kinds of anion traces requires not only a high-capacity column but also an eluent that allows the nitrate to be eluted by the column, although only after all of the other ions of interest have been eluted. This separation is achieved on a column of the Metrosep A Supp 16 - 250/4.0 type with the aid of a strong carbonate/hydrogen carbonate eluent.

Pyrophosphate is used as a stabilizer in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. “Reagent grade” solutions may contain pyrophosphate in the higher mg/L range, while “electronic grade” hydrogen peroxide should be free of this stabilizer. Here the determination of pyrophosphate in a high purity H2O2 solution (30%) is performed applying Inline Preconcentration with Matrix Elimination (MiPCT-ME) and a Dose-in Gradient.

Ultrapure chemicals are required in the semiconductor industry. Ionic impurities may lead to compromised products. This application describes the determination of anionic impurities in semiconductor grade 28% ammonium hydroxide solution. To avoid matrix disturbances, Inline Neutralization and Inline Preconcentration with Matrix Elimination needs to be applied.

The semiconductor industry requires high-purity or even ultrahigh-purity chemicals for the production of electronic components. The purity of the chemicals is crucial for the quality and efficient production of the parts. Here, hydrogen peroxide and ammonium hydroxide are analyzed applying traditional sample preparation methods like digestion and evaporation with subsequent reconstitution with ultrapure water. The received samples are injected applying intelligent Preconcentration Technique (MiPCT).

Analysis of sodium hydrogen carbonate (also known as sodium bicarbonate) for anionic contaminants is critical due the large amount of CO2 formed during suppression. Even applying sequential suppression does not completely remove the interferences due to the carbonate peak. The introduction of Inline Neutralization applying the Sample Preparation Module (SPM) with subsequent CO2 removal with the MCS (Metrohm CO2 Suppressor) prior to the injection solves the problem. After this pretreatment, the sequentially suppressed sample is analyzed without issues.

Lithium salts (e.g., lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide) are used in myriad applications. Lithium hydroxide is used for the production of lithium stearate, an important engine lubricant. In addition, it is utilized as an air purifier due to its ability to bind carbon dioxide. While the majority of lithium carbonate is used for aluminum production, it is also used for the glass and ceramic industry. It lowers the melting point of these materials, lowering the associated electricity costs and making it cheaper to produce them.For all of these applications, it is important to know the quality of the pure lithium salts used in the various production processes. This Application Note presents an easy method for the assay of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate on an automated OMNIS system.

Lithium nitrate is an oxidizing agent used in the manufacture of red-colored fireworks and flares. In addition, the lithium nitrate trihydrate compound absorbs heat well and can be used for thermal energy storage. Since lithium nitrate is a hygroscopic substance, its purity must first be verified before it is used for synthesis or other applications. The purity assay is done by a fully automated precipitation titration between lithium and fluoride in an ethanolic solution. The benefit of titration is that the lithium nitrate does not need to be diluted after dissolving in ethanol as with other techniques such as ICP-MS.

This Application Note compares the OMNIS Titrator and 888 Titrando for determinations of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid in an aluminum etching bath, as well as the determination of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Identical analysis parameters were used, showing that OMNIS delivers results on par or even better than with other established titration systems.

The standardization of the cationic surfactant TEGOtrant is performed using potentiometric titration as well as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in this application.

Determination of traces of fluoride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and subsequent UV/VIS detection.

Determination of Cd, Pb, and Sb in acetic acid.

Simultaneous determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Co in 50% NaOH.

Determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Co in hydrochloric acid (37.8%).

Copper, iron, and vanadium can be determined in salt samples in the µg/kg concentration range by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at the HMDE. No sample preparation is necessary.

Cr(VI) is determined with the complexant DTPA at pH 6.2 by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at the HMDE.

Mo is determined by polarography at the SMDE in nitric acid solution.

Zn and Pb are determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in acetate buffer at pH 4.6.

Iron can be determined in ethanol by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at the HMDE. PIPES buffer is used as supporting electrolyte and catechol as complexing agent at a pH value of 7.0.

The concentration of nickel in ethylene glycol can be determined by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) after the organic matrix is destroyed by UV digestion.

The concentration of Fe is determined in water samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol as complexing agent. All reagents have to be added in the order as listed below. All reagents typically contain iron impurities. Therefore a subtraction of the reagent blank is recommended. Fe(II) and Fe(III) show different sensitivities. Therefore the sample should only contain one of the iron species. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) can be added to the measuring solution and to the Fe(III) standard solution if both Fe(II) and Fe(III) are present in the sample to determine the concentration of total iron. A final concentration of ascorbic acid of 0.002 mol/L is suitable.

The concentration of Fe is determined polarographically in phosphoric acid. The method is suitable for iron in concentrations in the ppm range. Fe(II) and Fe(III) show signals with the same sensitivity

The concentration of Ni and Co is determined by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at the HMDE with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as complexing agent.

The concentration of Fe is determined by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at the HMDE with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (1N2N) as complexing agent.

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